Datos e investigación
比特币是世界上首个去中心化加密货币，由化名为“中本聪”（Satoshi Nakamoto）的人物于 2009 年创立。它支持点对点的电子现金交易，无需银行或政府等中介机构，运行在由工作量证明（PoW）挖矿和 SHA-256 加密算法保护的区块链上。
凭借 2100 万枚的固定供应上限和每四年减少矿工奖励的程序化“减半”机制，比特币被设计为一种通缩型数字资产，常被称为“数字黄金”。其价值源于在没有受信任中介的情况下解决了“双重支付”问题，创造了首个真正稀缺、具有抗审查性且无需许可即可访问的数字资产，任何政府、公司或个人都无法控制。
比特币作为一个去中心化的点对点网络运行，交易被记录在一个称为区块链的公共账本上，该账本分布在全球数千台计算机上。交易被打包成区块，通过“挖矿”大约每 10 分钟添加一次，在此过程中，专用计算机竞争解决复杂的数学难题。
比特币已通过多种途径实现了主流采用。2024 年 1 月，美国证券交易委员会（SEC）批准了 11 只比特币现货 ETF，向传统金融参与者开放了比特币投资；像 Strategy（前身为 MicroStrategy）这样的公司正在将比特币作为资金储备资产，以抵御货币贬值，并为 MSTR 持有者提供放大的比特币敞口。
随着创新的不断涌现，比特币生态系统持续发展。例如 2023 年 1 月出现的 Ordinals，实现了直接在比特币上运行类似 NFT 的功能；以及 BRC-20 代币，这是一种利用 Ordinals 铭文创建同质化代币的实验性标准。BTCFi（比特币金融）代表了超越比特币传统角色的新兴金融应用，诸如 Babylon 之类的协议允许比特币持有者通过质押 BTC 来保护权益证明（PoS）链的安全。
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