Bitcoin Magazine
The Undercurrent: Malaman fasaha uku na Turai kan Bayyana Kuɗi
Amsterdam ta taimaka wajen kafa tushen kuɗi na zamani, amma malaman fasaharta suna cikin masu suka na farko. Lokacin da kumfa na hasashe suka fashe a Turai a 1720, masu buga littattafai da masu ba'a na Amsterdam sun amsa da The Great Mirror of Folly, tarin zane-zane da wasannin kwaikwayo da ke fallasa wuce gona da iri na hasashen kuɗi.
Kusan ƙarni uku bayan haka, birnin ya karɓi wani gwaji na kuɗi. David Chaum, masanin cryptography wanda aikinsa kan sadarwa ta ɓoye ya taimaka wajen kafa tushen ƙungiyar cypherpunk, ya zo Amsterdam a shekarun 1980 don yin aiki a CWI, cibiyar bincike ta ƙasa ta Dutch don lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta. Kusan 1990, ya kafa DigiCash don haɓaka kuɗin lantarki na sirri. Kamfanin ya yi fatara a 1998, shekaru goma kafin bitcoin, amma mafarkin kuɗin dijital ya riga ya fara bayyana.
A bara a Bitcoin Amsterdam, BMAG ta nuna The Waterworks of Money, inda ɗan fasaha na Dutch Carlijn Kingma, tare da ɗan jaridar kuɗi Thomas Bollen da mai bincike Martijn Jeroen van der Linden, suka kwatanta tsarin kuɗi a matsayin babbar hanyar ban ruwa, inda wasu wurare ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yayin da wasu suka bushe. Zanen yana sa hadadden tsarin kuɗi ya zama mai sauƙin fahimta, yana fallasa hanyoyin da ake ƙirƙirar kuɗi, rarrabawa, da tattarawa.
The Waterworks of Money, Carlijn Kingma (2022)
Wannan al'adar tambayar kuɗi da bayyana ɓoyayyun ɓangarorinsa tana ci gaba a cikin ayyukan malaman fasaha uku na Turai da za su nuna a Bitcoin Amsterdam a watan Nuwamba. ZETRA, RYR, da Cypherpunk Now suna ɗaukar daga graffiti, buga hotuna na siyasa, al'adun hacker, da al'ummomin bitcoin na farko don bincika ma'anar kuɗi da ke canzawa.
Martin Fischer ya shiga ƙungiyar fasaha ta Prague Ztohoven a 2003, ƙungiyar da aka sani da shigar da fashewar nukiliya ta ƙirƙira cikin watsa shirye-shiryen Czech Television kai tsaye. A 2014, ƙungiyar ta buɗe Paralelní Polis, wurin hacker wanda gidan abincinsa ke karɓar bitcoin kawai, kuma Fischer ya tsara tambarinsa. Kamar yadda ya gaya wa Aaron van Wirdum na Bitcoin Magazine a 2020, zuwan injin buga screen-printing a shekara mai zuwa ya sa ya samar da bugu na farko. Tun 2020, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan Cypherpunk Now, yana haɓaka rikodin gani na al'adun bitcoin da ke canzawa.
RYR da ZETRA duk sun fito daga fagen graffiti na Jamus amma suna fuskantar kuɗi daga wurare daban-daban. RYR yana amfani da kuɗin da kansa a matsayin kayan aiki, yana yin takarda daga tsabar kuɗi da aka yayyanka, launi daga tokar su, da gurneti na siminti cike da tsabar kuɗi da aka yayyanka wanda ya kira "kayan tarihi daga nan gaba." ZETRA, wanda ya fara zane a farkon shekarun 1990 kuma ya gano bitcoin a 2017, yana nazarin abin da kuɗi zai iya saya. Zanenkinsa na TOMATOSOUP suna sake duba Campbell's Soup Cans na Andy Warhol don nuna canjin farashi a dala da bitcoin, yayin da THE BIP39 SERIES ke bincika kalmomi 2,048 da ake amfani da su a cikin jimlolin dawo da walat ɗin bitcoin, ciki har da 1206/NOTE, haɗin gwiwa da Polymerbit.Bitcoin ya tsara ayyukan waɗannan masu fasaha, rayuwarsu, da al’ummomin da ke kewaye da su. Yadda bankuna, asusun zuba jari, da kamfanoni ke ƙara karɓarsa ya kuma haifar da wasu tambayoyi masu wuya game da ainihin manufofin motsi da inda al’adarsa ke dosa.
Daga hagu: RYR, Cypherpunk Now, ZETRA
BMAG: Andy Warhol ya mayar da miyan Campbell ta zama alama ta al’adar mabukaci, yana ɗaukar kaya na yau da kullum ya ɗaukaka ta zuwa fasaha mai kyau. Jerin TOMATOSOUP naka ya koma ga wannan hoton amma ya gabatar da wani abu da Warhol ya bar shi a waje da firam ɗin: canjin darajar kuɗi da kanta. Yaya tunanin sake yin aiki kan Campbell’s Soup Cans na Warhol ya fara zuwa, kuma masu kallo suna gane sharhin game da hauhawar farashi nan take?
ZETRA: Muna yawan ganin iPhones da gidaje a cikin layin bitcoin na mu na Twitter, suna nuna yadda suke zama masu arha a ma’aunin BTC. Na yi tunanin zai zama abin jin daɗi idan na ɗauki wani abu daga tarihin fasaha maimakon, wani abu mafi jan hankali a gani, kamar Campbell’s Soup Can na Warhol.
Don zanen TOMATOSOUP na, na yi amfani da lambobi na gaske da aka sanya a kan gwangwani don nuna yadda farashin miya ya ƙaru a USD cikin shekarun da suka gabata, idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan farashin da za mu iya tsammani a ma’aunin BTC a shekarun da ke zuwa.
Masu bitcoin da ke kallon TOMATOSOUP gabaɗaya suna fahimta nan take. Sun san suna cikin matsayi mafi kyau yayin da ƙarfin sayen kuɗin fiat ke ci gaba da raguwa ta hanyar hauhawar farashi. Sauran masu kallo yawanci suna buƙatar ɗan bayani, kuma koyaushe ina jin daɗin taimaka musu su fahimta.
TOMATOSOUP series a Bitcoin Asia, ZETRA (2025)
BMAG: A cikin THE BIP39 SERIES, kuna zana daga kalmomi 2,048 da ake amfani da su don samar da jimlolin dawo da walat ɗin bitcoin, kuna mai da kalmomi na yau da kullum zuwa ayyukan fasaha masu zurfin ma’ana ga masu riƙe bitcoin. Za ka iya bayyana matakai daban-daban na wahayi da ke bayan jerin da abin da suke bayyanawa game da bitcoin, harshe, da mallakar kuɗi ga wanda bai saba da waɗannan ra’ayoyi ba?
ZETRA: Duk wanda ya motsa sats ɗinsa mai daraja zuwa ajiyar sanyi yana fuskantar 12 ko 24 daga cikin waɗannan kalmomi masu muhimmanci, sau da yawa a farkon tafiyarsa a matsayin sabon ɗan bitcoin. Kamar yadda aka ambata, akwai kalmomi 2,048 a cikin jerin da aka tsara a hankali da ke wakiltar ƙarfin riƙe da kai.
Na fara bibiyar kalmomin ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ina tunanin yadda kowanne za a iya gani a siffar zahiri: babban hoton kalmar, lambar da ta dace da ita, salo, da hanyar da zan zaɓa. Akwai miliyoyin dama don rayar da waɗannan kalmomi ta hanyar fasahar bitcoin.
1044/LIST ita ce zaɓi bayyananne don fara THE BIP39 SERIES. A zahiri, tana ɗauke da dukkan kalmomi 2,048 da aka gabatar a matsayin jeri. A matsayina na ɗan shekarun 80s, dole ne in zaɓi 1638/SMILE a matsayin yanki na biyu: fuskar murmushi mai rawaya ta gaske, tare da lambar 1638 a madadin idanu. Buga ne na fasaha mai kyau a kan Alu-Dibond ƙarƙashin murfin gilashin acrylic na 6 mm. Mai tsafta sosai.Wani aiki a cikin jerin shine 0388/CORN, wanda a bayyane yake girmamawa ga Warhol kuma. JERIN BIP39 zai zama aiki mai gudana na shekaru da yawa masu zuwa.
1206/NOTE (JERIN BIP39 tare da Polymerbit), ZETRA (2026)
BMAG: Kuna yanka takardun kuɗi zuwa takarda kuma kuna kona su don samar da launi. Masu fasaha sun daɗe suna amfani da kuɗi don tambayar inda darajarsa take, amma aikinku ya wuce gaba ta hanyar mai da lalata wani ɓangare na tsarin ƙirƙira. Shin akwai sabani a cikin lalata kuɗi don ƙirƙirar aikin fasaha wanda zai iya zama mai daraja sosai?
RYR: Kuɗi ainihin tsarin labari ne da aka gina akan imani da biyayya ta gama gari. Ya yi aiki shekaru ɗaruruwa saboda mun yarda da labarin da yake bayarwa da darajar da yake wakilta. Na kasance mai sha'awar wannan ra'ayi koyaushe, musamman yadda wani abu na yau da kullum kamar takardar kuɗi zai iya ɗaukar ma'ana, iko, da darajar da ake gani sosai.
Ina neman wata hanya ta daban don ba da wannan labarin, a tunani da kuma a zahiri. A shekarar 2017, ina da taken nuni a zuciyata: To Cut a Long Story Short. Na ji daɗin yadda yake da fuska, musamman dangane da kuɗi da labarun da muke haɗawa da su. Yanke takardun kuɗi ya zama fassarar wannan taken kai tsaye, amma kuma ya buɗe mini sabuwar hanyar fasaha gaba ɗaya.
A ƙarshe, ba kawai ina lalata kuɗi ba. Ina ɗaukar labari da ya wanzu, ina yanka shi gunduwa-gunduwa, sannan ina amfani da waɗannan gundumomi don ba da wani sabon labari.
Satoshi Nakamoto, RYR (n.d.)
BMAG: Makamanku na kankare ana gabatar da su a matsayin kayan tarihi daga wata gaba inda yaƙe-yaƙen fiat sun riga sun ƙare. Amma bitcoin ana riƙe shi ta hanyar cibiyoyin kuɗi da aka tsara shi don guje musu. Shin wannan nasara ce ga ƙungiyar, ko kuwa cibiyoyin sun shanye madadin?
RYR: Ina tsammanin wannan shine ainihin abin da ya sa labarin yake da ban sha'awa. Lokacin da na ƙirƙiri makaman kankare, na yi tunanin wata gaba inda tsarin kuɗi na gargajiya ya riga ya yi yaƙin rayuwa. Makaman sun zama burbushin halittu, kayan tarihi na ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi daga rikicin kuɗi wanda tsararraki masu zuwa za su iya shakkar fahimta.
Makamana na kankare suna wakiltar wata gaba inda wannan yaƙin ya riga ya zama tarihi. Ko bitcoin zai yi nasara a ƙarshe ko kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na ainihin tsarin da ya ƙalubalanci har yanzu ba a sani ba.
Desert Eagle a Bitcoin Conference Miami, RYR (2023)
BMAG: Yawancin ayyukanku an yi su ne daga ragowar kuɗi na zahiri, a lokacin da kuɗi ke ƙara zama na dijital kuma marar ganuwa. Kuna tsammanin mutane suna rasa wani abu a fahimtarsu game da kuɗi yayin da yake ɓacewa daga ƙwarewar yau da kullum ta zahiri?
RYR: Ina tsammanin muna rasa alaƙar zahiri da kuɗi, amma ba lallai ba ne fahimtarmu game da shi. Kuɗi koyaushe labari ne da aka gina akan amincewa ta gama gari, ko an buga shi a takarda ko kuma an wakilta shi da lambobi a kan allo. Abin da ke burge ni shine yadda wani abu mai zurfi kamar daraja zai iya wakiltar wani abu na zahiri.Ba lallai ba ne na yarda cewa fasaha dole ta kasance ta gaskiya ko cikakkiyar ta asali. Kusan komai an riga an yi shi. A gare ni, fasaha wata hanya ce ta ɗan adam mai ban mamaki, kusan ta talakawa, ta bayyana ra'ayi da ba da murya ta zahiri ga tunani.
Bitcoin zai yiwu ya rikiɗe ya zama wata kadara ta kuɗi da ta fi faɗi kuma da ake ƙara tsara ta, amma ina fata al'adunta ta tushe da asalinta ta fasaha su kasance a bayyane. Wannan wani abu ne da ni da sauran abokaina masu fasaha za mu ci gaba da ba da gudummawa gare shi, muna kiyaye ruhun wani yunkuri da ya kasance na al'ada tun da daɗewa kafin ya zama na cibiyoyi.
Bitcoin Amsterdam, Cypherpunk Now (2025)
BMAG: Paralelní Polis ba wuri ne kawai na tattauna wasu tsarin kuɗi ba ko taron masu kutse ba; gidan shan shayinsa na ɗaya daga cikin na farko da suka karɓi bitcoin a matsayin kuɗi. Yaya shekarun farko na Paralelní Polis suka kasance, kuma yaya ƙwarewarka ta kasance wajen sayar da ayyukan fasaha don bitcoin?
Martin Fischer: An kafa Paralelní Polis a shekarar 2014, a lokacin kasuwar beyar. Abin ban dariya shi ne, babu ɗaya daga cikinmu da ya kafa ta da ya san mene ne kasuwar beyar. Ba mu ɗauki bitcoin a matsayin wani abu da zai iya sa mu arzuta ba. Mun gan shi a matsayin kuɗi da ba za a iya hana shi ba kuma mun fahimci sauye-sauyen da zai iya kawo wa al'umma. Babu wani hasashe a ciki, kuma wannan ne ya sa waɗannan kwanakin farko suka kasance da kyau sosai.
Na sayar da bugu na farko na allo don bitcoin a shekarar 2017, kusan shekaru goma da suka wuce, da kuma wasu da yawa tun daga lokacin. Amma kusan kowace sayarwa lamari ne na tsira. Na kashe yawancin bitcoin da na samu wajen ba da kuɗin ayyukana na gaba da ci gaba da yin fasaha.
Ban taɓa samun damar tara bitcoin da yawa ba, amma idan na waiwaya, ya ba ni wani abu da ya fi ribar jari muhimmanci: 'yancin kasancewa mai zaman kansa mai fasaha.
HODL series (Peace, Resistance, Pain), Cypherpunk Now (2024)
BMAG: Buga na siyasa yana da dogon tarihi a Turai, tun daga ba'a na kuɗi na Amsterdam na 1720 zuwa fastocin zanga-zanga na ƙarni na ashirin. Ayyukanka sun fito daga Ztohoven, ƙungiyar da ta shahara da yin kutse a watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin kai tsaye don nuna wata fashewar nukiliya ta ƙirƙira—wani shiga tsakani mai ƙarfin hali, har ma da ma'aunin yau. Ztohoven ta ƙalubalanci cibiyoyi ta hanyar tarwatsa su, yayin da bitcoin ke amfani da ka'idar wasa da abubuwan ƙarfafa tattalin arziki don ƙirƙirar wata hanya ta dabam. Kana ganin bitcoin a matsayin ci gaba na wannan ruhun shiga tsakani, kuma bugu naka a matsayin faɗaɗa shi?
Martin Fischer: Ina tsammanin akwai alaƙa, amma ba zan ce daidai wannan abu ɗaya ba ne. Da Ztohoven, mun yi amfani da fasaha don tambayar iko, ƙalubalantar cibiyoyi, da fallasa yadda za a iya sarrafa gaskiya cikin sauƙi. Bitcoin ba ya buƙatar yin bayani ko tada kowa. Yana kawai bayar da wata hanya ta dabam da ke aiki ba tare da neman izinin kowa ba. Wannan nau'in tarwatsawa ne mafi ban sha'awa a gare ni.Amma a yau, bitcoin ya zama na kamfani sosai kuma yana da alaƙa sosai da banki na gargajiya har yana da wuya a ci gaba da ganinsa a matsayin ƙungiyar adawa da tsarin mulki. Ba na ganin wannan a matsayin cin amana ga ainihin manufofinsa, sai dai a matsayin sakamako na halitta na nasararsa. Wannan ba yana nufin ina son inda abubuwa suka nufa ba.
Abin mamaki shi ne cewa ainihin ƙa'idodin bitcoin ba su canza ba, amma yadda mutane suke fahimtarsa da amfani da shi tabbas ya canza.
Kuma hotunan buga allo na? Har yanzu ina aiki da ainihin ra'ayin raba kuɗi daga gwamnati yayin da nake bincika tatsuniyoyi, memes, da almara na zamanin bitcoin. Wannan ne abin da na fi jin daɗi.
Out of Order, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, Bitcoin Is Energy, Cypherpunk Now (2023)
BMAG: Gabatarwarka ta Amsterdam ta haɗa ayyuka fiye da shekaru goma da suka rubuta juyin bitcoin daga ƙungiyar ɓoye zuwa tsarin kuɗi da ake ƙara samun cibiyoyi. Idan ka duba waɗannan hotunan buga allo a yau, shin ƙungiyar ta canza fiye da yadda kake tsammani, ko kuma ra'ayinka ne ya canza? Waɗanne daga cikin hotunan buga allonka ne ka fi so?
Martin Fischer: Ina son tunawa da zamanin da, lokacin da dukanmu muka kasance cikin ƙungiya ɗaya kuma babban maƙiyinmu shi ne Faketoshi.
Yau? Muna da yaƙe-yaƙen al'ada kan JPEGs, Ordinals, BIPs, OP_RETURN, kan abin da ake ganin spam da abin da ya kamata ko bai kamata ya kasance kan bitcoin ba. Abin da ya fi ba ni baƙin ciki shi ne cewa mutanen da suka taɓa yin yaƙi tare kan censorship da neman 'yanci yanzu suna kashe ƙarfi mai yawa suna yaƙi da juna kan abin da wasu ya kamata ko bai kamata a bar su su yi da bitcoin ba.
Wataƙila sakamako ne na halitta na nasarar bitcoin. Al'ummar bitcoin ta canza sosai, haka ma ra'ayina a kanta ya canza. Tabbas na fi shakka a yau game da ra'ayin cewa fasaha ita kaɗai za ta iya canza al'umma zuwa mafi kyau kai tsaye.
Game da ayyukan da na fi so, Bitcoin Meteorite tabbas yana ɗaya daga cikinsu. A wannan aikin, na sake yin aiki kan meme na dinosaur na banki suna kallon halakar su, tare da haɗa taƙaitaccen bayanin farin takardar bitcoin. Ya ba ni shaharar minti goma sha biyar lokacin da Max Keiser da Stacy Herbert suka kawo shi cikin haske.
Cypherpunks of the World, Cypherpunk Now (2021)
Sannan akwai Cypherpunks of the World. Wannan aikin yana da muhimmanci a gare ni ba kawai a matsayin bikin cypherpunks da gadonsu ba, har ma saboda sarƙaƙƙarfansa. Ya fara ne a matsayin jerin haɗaɗɗun hotuna na asali, ya ci gaba ta hanyar buga allo na hannu, kuma daga ƙarshe ya rikide zuwa NFTs masu rai da gallery na kama-da-wane. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukana mafi sarƙaƙƙiya, yana haɗa dabaru da kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban yayin da yake tsayawa kan ainihin ra'ayin.
Daga cikin ayyukana na kwanan nan, ina matuƙar son Out of Order daga 2023. Bugawar allo ce mai cikakken bayani, kuma ta farko da na yi nasarar yin babu kuskuren bugawa kwata-kwata. Wannan kaɗai ya sa ta zama ta musamman a gare ni.Ina kuma son St. Satosius Contra Draconem (2025), wanda aka yi masa wahayi daga hoton gargajiya na Saint George yana yaƙi da dodon, wanda aka sake tunaninsa ta hanyar tatsuniyar bitcoin.
Lazar Eyes, Cypherpunk Now (2022)
Ayyukan ZETRA, RYR, da Cypherpunk Now, tare da wasu masu fasaha na Turai, za a gabatar da su a Bitcoin Amsterdam, Nuwamba 4–6, 2026, a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen Bitcoin Museum & Art Gallery (BMAG). Ƙarin ayyukan fasaha da bugu za su kasance samuwa ta hanyar https://shop.museum.b.tc.
Bincika ƙarin ayyuka na masu fasahar da aka nuna a ZETRA, RYR, Cypherpunk Now, da www.martin-fischer.cz.
Bitcoin Museum & Art Gallery (BMAG) tana shirya nune-nunen ƙasa da ƙasa, gwanjo, da haɗin gwiwar masu fasaha don bincika bitcoin da tasirinsa na al'ada. Ƙara koyo a museum.b.tc.
Kasance tare da mu a Bitcoin Amsterdam, Sami tikitinku a nan kuma yi amfani da lambar BA26-BMAG20 don rangwamen shiga.